Written by Dr. Daniel Yetman, PhD.
August 9, 2021
Introduction
Top-down proteomics refers to mass spectrometry analysis of samples containing undigested or whole proteins (3,4). It’s typically executed with high resolution matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI) mass spectrometers, but an orbitrap relying on electrospray ionization (ESI) may also be used (3,5,6). In contrast, bottom-up proteomics refers to the mass spectrometry-based study of protein fragments from protein digestions (7).
A sub-branch of bottom-up proteomics is shotgun proteomics, a widely used proteomics approach which attempts to identify proteins in complex mixtures through mass spectrometry and high performance liquid chromatography (7). Finally, middle-down proteomics started to gain traction circa 2012 as a way of compromising between top-down and bottom-up approaches. In the middle-down approach, larger peptide fragments are analyzed by the mass spectrometer (8).
Section 1 Heading
Lorem ipsum dolor sit amet, consectetur adipiscing elit. Donec vulputate vitae nisl quis vulputate. Integer facilisis rhoncus turpis, quis semper mauris sollicitudin eu. Vestibulum quis auctor lectus. Nunc neque sem, sollicitudin non nunc sit amet, vehicula porta nisl. Morbi ligula orci, fermentum ut lectus placerat, cursus tincidunt velit. Suspendisse potenti. Nam et magna ultricies, suscipit lorem ac, sodales velit. Maecenas finibus porta mauris iaculis ullamcorper. In venenatis nunc elit, vitae posuere nisl porta eu. Praesent malesuada elementum dui at mollis.
- Etiam condimentum rhoncus risus.
- Duis eget libero et urna rutrum pellentesque nec non risus.
- Integer sollicitudin viverra cursus. Cras mauris velit, tristique eget commodo vel, sagittis sit amet ante.
Fusce condimentum mi eros, at molestie augue commodo in. Vestibulum venenatis bibendum orci quis porta. Vivamus eget pretium ante. Duis at augue sit amet massa ornare venenatis et vitae est. In mollis orci at vehicula semper. Donec id mi mauris. Orci varius natoque penatibus et magnis dis parturient montes, nascetur ridiculus mus. Nam porta non orci id porta. Vivamus commodo dui ut fringilla bibendum. Phasellus vel nisl quis ligula feugiat dignissim.
References
- B. Domon and R. Aebersold, “Mass Spectrometry and Protein Analysis,” Science, vol. 312, no. 5771, pp. 212-217, 2006.
- K. A. Resing and N. G. Ahn, “Proteomics strategies for protein identification,” FEBS Letters, vol. 579, no. 4, pp. 885-889, 2005.
- Catherman, AD, Skinner, OS, and Kelleher, NL. “Top Down Proteomics: Facts and Perspectives.” Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 445(4): 683–693. 2014
- D. P. Donnelly, C. . M. Rawlins, C. . J. DeHart, L. Fornelli, L. F. Schachner, Z. Lin, J. L. Lippens, K. C. Aluri, R. Sarin , B. Chen, C. Lantz , W. Jung , K. R. Johnson , A. Koller , J. J. Wolff , I. D. G. Campuzano, J. R. Auclair, A. R. Ivanov, J. P. Whitelegge, L. Paša-Tolić, J. Chamot-Rooke, P. O. Danis, L. M. Smith, Y O. Tsybin, J. A. Loo, Y. Ge, N. L. Kelleher and J. N. Agar, “Best practices and benchmarks for intact protein analysis for top-down mass spectrometry,” Nature Methods, vol. 16, no. 7, pp. 587-594, 2019